RESUMO Introdução: Protocolos de ensaios clínicos são documentos essenciais, que servem como base para o planejamento da pesquisa. As diretrizes do Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) objetivam aumentar a transparência e a integridade dos protocolos de ensaios clínicos. Objetivos: O presente trabalho descreve os principais aspectos do SPIRIT, destacando a importância do uso dessas diretrizes na Ortodontia. Resultados: O SPIRIT é composto por 33 itens e 1 diagrama, que foram aqui apresentados e explicados. Conclusão: O uso do checklist SPIRIT deve se tornar essencial, para aumentar a transparência e a integridade de ensaios clínicos na pesquisa ortodôntica, tornando-os mais confiáveis e menos tendenciosos, melhorando, dessa forma, a qualidade das futuras publicações nessa área.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Clinical trial protocols are essential documents that serve as a basis for research planning. The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) statement aimed to increase the transparency and integrity of clinical trial protocols. Objectives: This paper described the main aspects of the SPIRIT, highlighting the importance of using this guideline in Orthodontics. Results: The SPIRIT is composed of 33 items and the diagram, which were presented and explained. Conclusion: The use of the SPIRIT checklist must become essential to increase the transparency and integrity of more reliable and less biased clinical trials in orthodontic research, improving the quality of future publications in this field.

Abstract This systematic review aimed to investigate if there is a better interceptive treatment for palatally displaced canines (PDC) in the mixed dentition stage. The PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized clinical trials related to the research topic. The gray literature and reference lists were also assessed. Network meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of different approaches on PDC eruption. The surface under the cumulative ranking area was calculated to rank the treatments. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Of the 892 eligible studies, 18 were selected for full-text analysis and 9 for meta-analysis, involving 506 participants and 730 PDC, to compare 9 approaches. The proportion of erupted PDC was significantly higher for all interceptive treatments compared with control (no intervention). Furthermore, the proportion of erupted PDC was higher in patients subjected to rapid maxillary expansion (RME) than those who underwent double extraction of primary canine and primary molar (relative risk (RR) = 2.68 ICr95%: 1.12–9.35). A higher proportion of erupted PDC was found for RME (RR = 3.07 ICr95%: 1.31–10.67), RME plus use of transpalatal arch (TA) plus extraction of primary canine(s) (EC) (RR = 1.43 ICr95%: 1.09–1.95), EC plus use of cervical pull headgear (RR = 1.38 ICr95%: 1.11–1.79), and EC plus use of TA (RR = 1.36 ICr95%: 1.00–1.9) than for EC. RME was most likely to be considered as the best interceptive treatment. Overall, the certainty of the evidence was considered low due to imprecision and indirectness. In conclusion, no intervention in the mixed dentition stage is the worst choice for PDC.

RESUMO Este estudo analisa os reflexos do desenho e uso justos do processo orçamentário, sob as perspectivas de justiça formal e informal, nos julgamentos de justiça, na participação orçamentária e no desempenho gerencial. De maneira complementar, analisa também o efeito mediador. Pesquisas sobre os reflexos da participação orçamentária no desempenho gerencial apresentam evidências conflitantes e não conclusivas. Já os estudos de justiça organizacional concentraram-se, principalmente, nas percepções individuais de justiça, em uma perspectiva descritiva e perceptual, não considerando sua abordagem normativa, tratando como sinônimos as regras de justiça e os julgamentos de justiça. Essa segregação é relevante porque reforça a importância do desenho e uso justos do processo orçamentário, para além de considerar os julgamentos individuais de justiça. A pesquisa evidenciou que o desenho e uso justos do processo orçamentário influenciam o desempenho gerencial; no entanto, a percepção individual de justiça (julgamentos de justiça) não exerceu influência direta. Esses achados são relevantes porque salientam os reflexos da justiça em termos dos efeitos que um sistema gera, e não somente considera as percepções individuais. Realizou-se uma survey com uma amostra aleatória de 110 gestores selecionados pela rede social LinkedIn. Para análise dos dados, aplicou-se a técnica de modelagem de equações estruturais. O estudo contribui para a literatura que examina aspectos comportamentais da relação entre participação orçamentária e desempenho gerencial, ao buscar compreender em que condições a participação orçamentária resulta em melhor desempenho. Nesta pesquisa, essas relações são analisadas à luz dos fundamentos de justiça, sob a perspectiva de regras de justiça (justice) e julgamentos de justiça (fairness). As evidências sugerem que a participação orçamentária afeta o desempenho gerencial quando resultante do desenho e uso justos do processo orçamentário.

ABSTRACT This study analyzes the impacts of the fair design and use of the budgetary process, from the perspectives of formal and informal justice, on fairness judgments, on budgetary participation, and on managerial performance. Complementarily, it also analyzes the mediating effect. Research on the impacts of budgetary participation on managerial performance presents conflicting and inconclusive evidence. The studies on organizational justice, in turn, mainly focus on individual perceptions of justice, from a descriptive and perceptual perspective, not considering the normative approach, and treating justice rules and fairness judgments as synonymous. That segregation is relevant as it reinforces the importance of the fair design and use of the budgetary process, going beyond considering individual fairness judgments. The research revealed that the fair design and use of the budgetary process influence managerial performance; however, the individual perception of justice (fairness judgments) did not exert a direct influence. These findings are relevant because they highlight the impacts of justice in terms of the effects that a system generates, not only considering individual perceptions. A survey was conducted with a random sample of 110 managers chosen using the LinkedIn social network. For the data analysis, the structural equations modeling technique was applied. The study contributes to the literature that examines behavioral aspects of the relationship between budgetary participation and managerial performance, by seeking to understand in which conditions budgetary participation results in better performance. In this research, these relationships are analyzed in light of the foundations of justice, from the perspective of justice rules and fairness judgments. The evidence suggests that budgetary participation affects managerial performance when it results from the fair design and use of the budgetary process.

Abstract: This study aimed to develop and validate the Malocclusion Impact Scale for Early Childhood (MIS-EC), a malocclusion-specific measure of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children aged 3-5 years and their parents/caregivers. A pool of items was analysed to identify those relevant to the assessment of the impact of malocclusion on OHRQoL. Dental professionals and mothers of children with and without malocclusion rated the importance of these items. The final version of the MIS-EC was evaluated in a cross-sectional study comprising 381 parents of children aged 3–5 years to assess construct validity, internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Twenty-two items were identified from item pooling. After item reduction, eight items were chosen to constitute the MIS-EC, in addition to two general questions. The MIS-EC demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79 for the Child Impact section and 0.53 for the Family Impact section), and excellent test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.94), floor effect was 55.7% and ceiling effect 0%. MIS-EC scores indicating worse OHRQoL were significantly associated with the presence of malocclusion (p < 0.05). The MIS-EC is reliable and valid for assessing the impact of malocclusion on the OHRQoL of preschool children and their parents/caregivers.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a habilidade de ortodontistas e cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais (CBMF) em propor um prognóstico para terceiros molares inferiores. Métodos: Foram analisados 22 pacientes tratados ortodonticamente sem extração, cujos terceiros molares inferiores irrompidos espontaneamente (n= 44) foram avaliados por meio de radiografias panorâmicas seriadas. A primeira radiografia foi obtida logo após o tratamento ortodôntico (RX1), entre 13 e 19 anos de idade. A segunda radiografia (RX2) foi avaliada dois anos depois, em média. As radiografias foram analisadas aleatoriamente por 54 especialistas, 27 ortodontistas e 27 CBMFs, para obter sua opinião sobre a abordagem a ser adotada na RX1. Em seguida, outra opinião foi coletada adicionando-se a segunda radiografia seriada (RX1+2). Resultados: A concordância das respostas foi moderada para os CBMFs (Kappa = 0,44; p< 0,0001) e significativa para os ortodontistas (Kappa = 0,39; p< 0,0001). Após analisar apenas a primeira radiografia (RX1) dos molares antes deles irromperem espontaneamente, os CBMFs indicaram extração em 44,5% dos casos; enquanto os ortodontistas, em 42%, sem diferença entre os grupos (p= 0,22). Na análise de RX1+2, os ortodontistas mantiveram o mesmo nível de indicação de extração (45,6%, p= 0,08), enquanto os cirurgiões passaram a indicar mais extrações (63,2%, p< 0,0001). Conclusões: Ortodontistas e CBMFs não foram capazes de predizer a erupção de terceiros molares por meio da análise de uma única radiografia panorâmica, indicando extrações em cerca da metade dos terceiros molares examinados. Uma análise de acompanhamento, incluindo mais uma radiografia, não melhorou a precisão do prognóstico entre os ortodontistas, e piorou entre os CBMFs.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the skill of orthodontists and oral/maxillofacial surgeons (OMFS) in providing a prognosis of mandibular third molars spontaneously erupted, through follow-up panoramic analysis. Methods: 22 orthodontic patients treated without extraction, presenting spontaneously erupted mandibular third molars (n = 44) were analyzed through panoramic serial radiographs. The first panoramic radiograph was obtained just after orthodontic treatment (PR1), in patients aging from 13 to 19 years. A second panoramic radiograph (PR2), was obtained in average two years later. The radiographs were randomly analyzed by 54 specialists, 27 orthodontists and 27 OMFS, to obtain the opinion about the approach to be adopted to these teeth in PR1. Then, another opinion was collected by adding a serial radiograph (PR1+2). Results: The concordance of the answers was moderate for OMFS (Kappa 0.44; p< 0.0001) and significant for orthodontists (Kappa 0.39; p< 0.0001). In the analysis of the first radiograph (PR1) of the spontaneously erupted molars, OMFS indicated extraction in 44.5% of cases, while orthodontists indicated in 42%, with no difference between groups (p= 0.22). In PR1+2 analysis, orthodontists maintained the same level of extraction indication (45.6%, p= 0.08), while surgeons indicated more extractions (63.2%, p< 0.0001). Conclusions: Orthodontists and OMFS were not able to predict the eruption of the third molars that have erupted spontaneously. Both indicated extractions around half of the third molars. A follow-up analysis, including one more radiograph, did not improve the accuracy of prognosis among orthodontists and worsened for OMFS.

RESUMEN: El propósito del estudio fue relacionar los artefactos de contabilidad gerencial empleados por las empresas del sector de consumo cíclico y las fases del ciclo de vida a que estas pertenecían. Para ello, se desarrolló un estudio descriptivo, por medio de análisis documental y el enfoque cualicuantitativo de datos. La población del estudio se conformó de 66 empresas listadas en la bolsa de valores B3, siendo la muestra final compuesta por 44 empresas pertenecientes al sector de consumo cíclico. Para averiguar la relación entre los artefactos de contabilidad gerencial y el ciclo de vida de las empresas, se utilizó el análisis de correspondencias, dado que ambas variables del estudio eran categóricas. Los resultados evidenciaron que las empresas en fase de crecimiento tienden a utilizar artefactos de contabilidad gerencial caracterizados por la literatura como "modernos", y las empresas en fase de madurez tienden a utilizar artefactos caracterizados como "tradicionales". Por su turno, la fase de descenso no ha presentado cercanía con las categorías de artefactos. Este hallazgo diverge de la literatura en relación con la sofisticación de las prácticas gerenciales conforme la empresa progrese en las fases de ciclo de vida, pero concuerda con evidencias empíricas que indican el abandono de prácticas sofisticadas por empresas en fase de descenso.

RÉSUMÉ: L'objectif de l'étude a été de mettre en relation les dispositifs de comptabilité de gestion utilisés par les entreprises du secteur de la consommation cyclique et les phases du cycle de vie auxquelles elles appartenaient. Pour cela, on a mené une étude descriptive qui impliquait l'analyse documentaire et l'approche des données qualitatives-quantitatives. La population étudiée comprenait 66 sociétés cotées à la bourse B3, l'échantillon final composé de 44 sociétés appartenant au secteur de la consommation cyclique. Pour déterminer la relation entre les artefacts de comptabilité de gestion et le cycle de vie des entreprises, on a eu recours à une analyse de correspondance, car les deux variables de l'étude étaient catégoriques. Les résultats ont montré que les entreprises en phase de croissance tendent à utiliser des artefacts de comptabilité de gestion caractérisés par la littérature comme «modernes», et les entreprises en phase de maturité à utiliser des artefacts qualifiés comme «traditionnels». Pour sa part, la phase de descente n'a pas présenté de proximité avec les catégories d'artefacts. Ce résultat diffère de la littérature en ce qui concerne la sophistication des pratiques de gestion au fur et à mesure que l'entreprise progresse dans les phases du cycle de vie, mais s'accorde avec les preuves empiriques qui indiquent l'abandon par les entreprises des pratiques sophistiquées dans la phase de ralentissement.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study was to relate management accounting artifacts used by companies in the consumer cyclical sector and the phases of the life cycle they belong to. For this purpose, authors developed a descriptive study through documentary analysis and the approach. 66 companies listed on the B3 stock exchange comprised the study population. The final sample was made up of 44 companies belonging to the consumer cyclical sector. In order to determine the relationship between management accounting devices and the life cycle of companies, we used correspondence analysis, since both study variables were categorical. The results showed that companies within the growth phase tend to use devices characterized by literature as "modern", while mature companies use devices considered as "traditional". The descent phase does not present closeness to the defined categories of artifacts. This finding diverges from other results in relation to the sophistication of management practices as the company advances in the life cycle phases, but agrees with empirical evidence that indicates the abandonment of sophisticated practices by companies in their downturn phase.

RESUMO: O presente estudo teve por objetivo relacionar os artefatos de contabilidade gerencial empregados pelas empresas do setor de consumo cíclico e os estágios de ciclo de vida a que elas pertenciam. Para tanto, desenvolveu-se um estudo descritivo, por meio de análise documental e da abordagem quali-quantitativa de dados. A população do estudo compreendeu 66 empresas listadas na bolsa de valores B3, sendo a amostra final composta por 44 empresas pertencentes ao setor de consumo cíclico. Para verificar a relação entre os artefatos de contabilidade gerencial e o ciclo de vida das empresas, utilizou-se a análise de correspondências, uma vez que ambas as variáveis do estudo eram categóricas. Os resultados evidenciaram que as empresas em estágio de crescimento tendem a utilizar artefatos de contabilidade gerencial caracterizados pela literatura como modernos, e as empresas em estágio de maturidade tendem a utilizar artefatos caracterizados como tradicionais. Por sua vez, o estágio de declínio não apresentou proximidade com nenhuma das categorias de artefatos. Esse achado diverge da literatura em relação à sofisticação das práticas gerenciais conforme a empresa progride nos estágios de ciclo de vida, porém concorda com evidências empíricas que indicam o abandono de práticas sofisticadas por empresas em estágio de declínio.

Abstract This study aimed to determine the incidence of mandibular third molar (M3) impaction after orthodontic treatment by edgewise appliances, and identify possible determinant factors of M3 impaction. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 1154 patients. Complete orthodontic records were analyzed pretreatment and posttreatment, considering the following variables: type of Angle malocclusion, treatment with or without extraction of first premolars, overbite, stage of dentition, M3 prior angulation and duration of orthodontic treatment. Impaction was determined after radiographic evidence of total closure of the root apex. The chi-square test and Poisson regression (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis with a hierarchical approach. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Mandibular M3 impaction incidence was 17%. Overbite equal to or greater than 4 mm (RR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11–1.26, p < 0.001), prior mesial angulation of M3 (RR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.52–0.68, p < 0.001), non-extraction of first premolars (RR=1.06, 95%CI: 1.01–1.12, P=0.019) and orthodontic treatment time equal to or less than three years (RR = 0.94. 95%CI: 0.90–0.99, p < 0.014) were significantly associated with impacted M3. There was no correlation between the type of Angle malocclusion and the risk of impaction. In conclusion, the incidence of mandibular M3 impaction was considered low. The main pretreatment factors directly involved in impaction were mesioangulation of M3 and overbite equal to or greater than 4 mm. Orthodontic treatment with extraction of first premolars and treatment time greater than 3 years reduce the risk of impaction.

Resumen: El objetivo de este artículo fue verificar cómo la gestión de riesgos se materializa en las organizaciones. Para ello, se realizó una investigación descriptiva con un enfoque cuantitativo por medio de encuesta. El instrumento de recolección de datos consistía en un cuestionario estructurado enviado a Chief risk officers (CROs) de empresas brasileñas, auditores y consultores de gestión de riesgos. Un total de 22 respuestas fueron obtenidas. El análisis de los datos revela que entre los entrevistados existe poco conocimiento acerca de los trabajos relacionados con la gestión de riesgos presentados en la investigación, lo cual indica un uso escaso de estos trabajos como estrategias de capacitación para los CROs. En cuanto a las herramientas y técnicas de gestión de riesgos, se constató que las técnicas señaladas por el COSO (2007) son poco utilizadas por los encuestados, mientras que las más utilizadas son las que son menos complicadas en su aplicación. Con respecto a los motivos detrás de la adopción de GRC en una empresa, el más común fue su exigencia por parte de órganos reguladores.

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to verify how risk management materializes in organizations. To do this, a descriptive research was conducted with a quantitative approach by means of a survey. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire sent to the Chief Risk Officers (CROs) of Brazilian companies, auditors and risk management consultants. A total of 22 responses were obtained. Data analysis reveals that -among those interviewed- there is little knowledge about work related to the risk management presented in the research; this indicates a scarce use of this work as training strategies for CROs. Concerning tools and risk management techniques, it was found that the techniques identified by COSO (2007) are rarely used by respondents, while the most used are those less complicated to implement. Among the reasons behind GRC adoption in a company, the most common reason was by request of regulatory bodies.

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo foi verificar como a gestão de riscos se materializa nas organizações. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa por meio de levantamento. O instrumento de coleta de dados compreendeu um questionário estruturado enviado à cros de empresas brasileiras, auditores e consultores de gestão de riscos. Um total de 22 respostas foi obtido. A análise dos dados revela que há pouco conhecimento por parte dos entrevistados sobre as obras que versam sobre gestão de riscos apresentadas na pesquisa, indicando assim pouca utilização destas como estratégias de capacitação pelos CROS. Em relação às ferramentas e técnicas de gestão de riscos, constatou-se que as técnicas elencadas pelo coso (2007) são pouco utilizadas pelos respondentes, sendo que as mais utilizadas são as de menor complexidade de aplicação. Em relação aos motivos para a adoção da grc na empresa, o mais recorrente foi a exigência por parte de órgãos reguladores.

Resumo O abuso físico de crianças é definido como qualquer ferida não acidental ou omissão dos seus responsáveis que cause risco à sua integridade. Este estudo objetivou avaliar se profissionais de saúde percebem e denunciam o abuso físico em crianças/adolescentes. Um total de 62 profissionais de saúde (odontólogos, médicos e enfermeiros) de Diamantina/MG, que realizam atendimento a crianças e adolescentes, responderam a um questionário. As variáveis coletadas foram relacionadas à identificação de abuso; denúncia às autoridades e dificuldades para a realização da denúncia. Realizou-se análise de frequência, teste do qui-quadrado e análise de conteúdo. Todos os profissionais relataram ter identificado e denunciado a ocorrência de abuso físico em crianças/adolescentes. Associação significativa foi observada entre a especialidade do profissional e o reconhecimento de abuso, bem como a realização de denúncia às autoridades. As principais dificuldades apresentadas para denunciar os casos às autoridades foram: falta de conhecimento na identificação do abuso e em como realizar a denúncia. A maioria dos participantes gostaria de receber treinamento para identificação e denúncia de abuso. Os profissionais de saúde percebem o abuso infantil, sendo os médicos aqueles que mais denunciam os casos.

Abstract Physical abuse of children is defined as any non-accidental injury or omission of their caregivers that causes risk to the child’s integrity. This study aimed to evaluate whether health professionals perceive and report physical abuse in children/adolescents. A total of 62 health professionals (dentists, physicians and nurses) from Diamantina/MG who attend to children and adolescents answered a questionnaire. The collected variables were related to the identification of abuse; denunciation to the authorities and difficulties in making the complaint. Frequency analysis, chi-square test and content analysis were performed. All professionals had identified and reported the occurrence of physical abuse in children/adolescents. Significant association was observed between the specialty of the professional and the recognition of abuse as well as denunciation to the authorities. The main difficulties presented to denounce the cases to the authorities were lack of knowledge in identifying the abuse and how to make the complaint. Most participants expressed that they would like to receive training in identifying and reporting abuse. Health professionals perceive child abuse, and physicians are the ones who most report the cases.

Resumo O abuso físico de crianças é definido como qualquer ferida não acidental ou omissão dos seus responsáveis que cause risco à sua integridade. Este estudo objetivou avaliar se profissionais de saúde percebem e denunciam o abuso físico em crianças/adolescentes. Um total de 62 profissionais de saúde (odontólogos, médicos e enfermeiros) de Diamantina/MG, que realizam atendimento a crianças e adolescentes, responderam a um questionário. As variáveis coletadas foram relacionadas à identificação de abuso; denúncia às autoridades e dificuldades para a realização da denúncia. Realizou-se análise de frequência, teste do qui-quadrado e análise de conteúdo. Todos os profissionais relataram ter identificado e denunciado a ocorrência de abuso físico em crianças/adolescentes. Associação significativa foi observada entre a especialidade do profissional e o reconhecimento de abuso, bem como a realização de denúncia às autoridades. As principais dificuldades apresentadas para denunciar os casos às autoridades foram: falta de conhecimento na identificação do abuso e em como realizar a denúncia. A maioria dos participantes gostaria de receber treinamento para identificação e denúncia de abuso. Os profissionais de saúde percebem o abuso infantil, sendo os médicos aqueles que mais denunciam os casos.

Abstract Physical abuse of children is defined as any non-accidental injury or omission of their caregivers that causes risk to the child’s integrity. This study aimed to evaluate whether health professionals perceive and report physical abuse in children/adolescents. A total of 62 health professionals (dentists, physicians and nurses) from Diamantina/MG who attend to children and adolescents answered a questionnaire. The collected variables were related to the identification of abuse; denunciation to the authorities and difficulties in making the complaint. Frequency analysis, chi-square test and content analysis were performed. All professionals had identified and reported the occurrence of physical abuse in children/adolescents. Significant association was observed between the specialty of the professional and the recognition of abuse as well as denunciation to the authorities. The main difficulties presented to denounce the cases to the authorities were lack of knowledge in identifying the abuse and how to make the complaint. Most participants expressed that they would like to receive training in identifying and reporting abuse. Health professionals perceive child abuse, and physicians are the ones who most report the cases.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o impacto de dois protocolos de tratamento precoce para a mordida cruzada anterior dentária na qualidade de vida de crianças. Métodos: trinta crianças de 8 a 10 anos de idade com mordida cruzada anterior dentária participaram desse estudo. Os indivíduos foram divididos em dois grupos: Grupo 1 - 15 crianças em tratamento com aparelho removível superior com molas digitais; Grupo 2 - 15 crianças em tratamento com batentes de cimento de ionômero de vidro resinoso nos primeiros molares permanentes inferiores. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada por meio da versão brasileira do Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10), o qual contém quatro subescalas: sintomas bucais (SB), limitações funcionais (LF), bem-estar emocional (BE) e bem-estar social (BS). Um escore mais alto indica um impacto mais negativo na qualidade de vida. As crianças responderam ao questionário antes do tratamento (T1) e 12 meses após o início do tratamento ortodôntico (T2). Estatística descritiva, o teste Wilcoxon e análise de covariância (ANCOVA) foram realizados. Resultados: a média de idade das crianças foi de 9,07 ± 0,79 anos no Grupo 1 e de 9,00 ± 0,84 no Grupo 2. Para o Grupo 1, os escores das subescalas LF e BE e o escore total do CPQ8-10 foram significativamente maiores em T1 do que em T2 (p= 0,004, p= 0,012 e p= 0,015, respectivamente). Para o Grupo 2, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa. A ANCOVA não mostrou diferença significativa entre os grupos em relação à qualidade de vida em T2, após o controle para as medidas de qualidade de vida em T1. Conclusões: a diferença em relação ao impacto na qualidade de vida entre os grupos não foi relacionada ao protocolo de tratamento utilizado.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the impact of two early treatment protocols for anterior dental crossbite on children’s quality of life. Methods: Thirty children, 8 to 10 years of age, with anterior dental crossbite, participated in this study. Individuals were divided into two groups: Group 1 - 15 children undergoing treatment with an upper removable appliance with digital springs; Group 2 - 15 children undergoing treatment with resin-reinforced glass ionomer cement bite pads on the lower first molars. Quality of life was evaluated using the Brazilian version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ8-10), which contains four subscales: oral symptoms (OS), functional limitations (FL), emotional well-being (EW), and social well-being (SW). A higher score denotes a greater negative impact on children’s quality of life. Children answered the questionnaire before treatment (T1) and twelve months after orthodontic treatment onset (T2). Descriptive statistics, the Wilcoxon test and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed. Results: Children’s mean age was 9.07 ± 0.79 years in Group 1 and 9.00 ± 0.84 years in Group 2. For Group 1, the FL and EW subscale scores and the overall CPQ8-10 were significantly higher in T1 as compared to T2 (p= 0.004, p= 0.012 and p= 0.015, respectively). For Group 2, there were no statistically significant differences. The ANCOVA showed no significant difference regarding quality of life at T2 between groups, after controlling for quality of life measures at T1. Conclusions: The difference regarding the impact on quality of life between groups is not related to the protocol used.

Abstract This paper describes the application of the method of separation of variables and the use of Fourier series for solving the Laplace's and Poisson's equations on the study and analysis of the magnetic field produced in a linear motor with Halbach array. Equations for predicting the 2D magnetic flux density distribution produced in the air gap were developed. The model was validated by means of finite element analysis and by measurements carried on a prototype of the linear motor. Theoretical results helped understand the behaviour of the magnetic flux density in the air gap and to obtain the values of the static propulsion force and normal force in such machine.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to confirm the discriminant validity (obtained using traditional statistical methods) of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) between preschool children with and without caries (mean score) through an evaluation of the effect size. A systematic search of electronic databases and a manual search were performed for studies published up to December 2015 involving the use of the ECOHIS for the evaluation of the impact of dental caries on oral health–related quality of life (OHRQoL) among preschool children. Two independent raters performed the selection of the studies and data extraction. Only papers published in English and Spanish were selected. No restrictions were imposed regarding the year of publication. Twelve studies were included, and the magnitude of standardized differences between the means of the “without caries” and “with caries” groups was calculated using Cohen’s d. Most studies demonstrated a large magnitude in the difference between the groups evaluated. The estimate of the effect size confirmed the discriminant validity of the ECOHIS obtained through traditional statistics. Thus, the magnitude of the difference should be considered an important analytical tool for the confirmation of statistical findings regarding null hypotheses and demonstrates the clinical significance of these research results.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the Child Perceptions Questionnaire 8 to 10 (CPQ8-10) and child-Oral Impact on Daily Performances (child-OIDP) indexes according to their total and item scores, as well as assess the discriminative validity of these assessment tools regarding dental caries and malocclusion among schoolchildren. A sample of 300 children aged between 8 and 10 years answered the questionnaires in two distinct steps. First, half of the sample (G1 = 150) answered the CPQ8-10 and the other half (G2 = 150) answered the child-OIDP. A week after, G1 answered the child-OIDP and G2 answered the CPQ8-10. Dental Aesthetic Index and WHO criteria were used to categorize malocclusion and dental caries, respectively. Descriptive analysis, Spearman's correlation and Mann-Whitney test were performed in this study. The CPQ8-10 and child-OIDP demonstrated a statistically significant and moderate correlation between their total scores. Regarding the discriminative validity, CPQ8-10 demonstrated a significant association between the “emotional status” daily activity and dental caries, and between the “eating”, “sleeping”, and “studying” daily activities and malocclusion. Concerning the child-OIDP, a significant difference was found only between the “social contact” activity and presence of dental caries. Both instruments were not capable of distinguishing children with and without dental caries and/or malocclusion by their total scores. However, the instruments were able to discriminate between children with and without those oral disorders in different dimensions. Thus, the CPQ8-10 and the child-OIDP demonstrated a different capacity to assess the impact on OHRQoL among schoolchildren.

resumo Introdução: não há consenso na literatura quanto à associação entre alterações oronasofaríngeas e as más oclusões. Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a associação entre as alterações oronasofaríngeas e as más oclusões (mordida aberta anterior e mordida cruzada posterior) em pré-escolares. Métodos: um estudo transversal foi conduzido com uma amostra representativa de 732 pré-escolares com 3 a 5 anos de idade, aleatoriamente selecionados em pré-escolas privadas e públicas. A mordida aberta anterior (MAA) e a mordida cruzada posterior (MCP) foram avaliadas a partir de exames clínicos. Pais/cuidadores responderam a um questionário relativo a indicadores sociodemográficos e problemas oronasofaríngeos. A análise estatística envolveu análise descritiva e regressão de Poisson (p < 0,05). Resultados: as prevalências de MAA e MCP foram de 21,0% e 11,6%, respectivamente. Ter três anos de idade (RP = 1,244; IC = 1,110 - 1,394; p < 0,001, considerando-se RP = Razões de Prevalência e IC = Intervalo de Confiança 95%), ter quatro anos de idade (RP = 1,144; IC = 1,110 - 1,394; p = 0,015), ausência de alergia (RP = 1,158; IC = 1,057 - 1,269; p = 0,002), não ter se submetido a cirurgias do nariz (RP = 1,152; IC = 1,041 - 1,275; p = 0,006) e ter tido dor de garganta mais de cinco vezes no mesmo ano (RP = 1,118; IC = 1,011 - 1,237; p = 0,030) foram significativamente associados com MAA. Ausência de asma (RP = 1,082; IC = 1,012 - 1,156; p = 0,020), não ter realizado adenoidectomia (RP = 1,112; IC = 1,068 - 1,158; p < 0,001) e não ter se submetido a cirurgias do nariz (RP = 1,114; IC = 1,069 - 1,160; p < 0,001) permaneceram associados à MCP. Conclusão: associações significativas foram encontradas entre as alterações oronasofaríngeas relatadas e a presença de MAA e MCP em pré-escolares.

Abstract Objective: Evidence is contradictory regarding the association between oronasopharyngeal abnormalities and malocclusion. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between oronasopharyngeal abnormalities and malocclusion (anterior open bite and posterior crossbite) in preschoolers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 732 preschoolers aged 3-5 years old selected randomly from private and public preschools. Anterior open bite (AOB) and posterior crossbite (PC) were evaluated through a clinical exam. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic indicators and oronasopharyngeal issues. Statistical analysis involved descriptive analysis and Poisson regression (p < 0.05). Results: The prevalences of AOB and PC were 21.0% and 11.6%, respectively. Being three years old (PR = 1.244; 95% CI = 1.110-1.394; p < 0.001), being four years old (PR = 1.144; 95% CI = 1.110 - 1.394; p = 0.015), absence of allergy (PR = 1.158; 95% CI = 1.057 - 1.269; p = 0.002), not having undergone nose surgery (PR = 1.152; 95% CI = 1.041 - 1.275; p = 0.006) and having a sore throat more than five times in the same year (PR = 1.118; 95% CI = 1.011 - 1.237; p = 0.030) were significantly associated with AOB. The absence of asthma (PR = 1.082; 95% CI = 1.012 - 1.156; p = 0.020), not having undergone throat surgery (PR = 1.112; 95% CI = 1.068 - 1.158; p < 0.001) and not having undergone nose surgery (PR = 1.114; 95% CI = 1.069 - 1.160; p < 0.001) remained associated with PC. Conclusion: Significant associations were found between oronasopharyngeal-reported abnormalities and the presence of AOB and PC in preschoolers.